My Favourite Book Free Essays

For years, teachers and parents have been worried about comics, the cinema, television, and now the Internet. They all stop children reading, they say. However, it now seems that children are reading more than ever. We will write a custom essay sample on My Favourite Book or any similar topic only for you Order Now Reading habits have changed, because there is now lots of competition from other media, but I think that reading is still popular. The reading is very important for me because book is cognitive. When I read a book I recognize something interesting, I get to know new hero and heroine. I like to read classical literature. It is my dream to become a student of the department of foreign languages and to be able to read the books by my favourite English and American writers in origin. What is my favourite book? This question is very interesting for me. Nowadays there are many different genres of literatures. And it is very difficult to chouse one of them. I read many different books. So in every book I always find thing, which I like very much. I like to read William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, Robert Burns, Oscar Wilde, Jerome K. Jerome, Charlotte Bronte, Mark Twain, Jack London, Conan Doyle, James Aldridge, Jules Verne, Lewis Carroll, etc. I want to tell you about the book, which I like very much. This book is â€Å"Gone with the Wind†. The author of the book â€Å"Gone with the Wind† is Margaret Mitchell. She was born in Atlanta in 1900. All the family were interested in American history and she grew up in an atmosphere of stories about the Civil War and of stories of staggering events of recent epoch, because her father was a chairman of local historical society. War is one of the biggest misfortunes in the life of people. Now let’s revise some historic facts. Civil War began as the result of economy fight between northern and southern states. Northern states had preponderance – about 20 million of people against of 10 million of people and powerful industrial potential. But southern states had more talented generals and centered direction. After graduating from college Margaret Mitchell worked a little time for the Atlanta Journal. She wrote articles and stories for this journal. In 1925 she got married. In the following ten years she put on paper all the stories she had heard about Civil War. The result was â€Å"Gone with the Wind†. It was first published in 1936. In 1939 it was made into a highly successful film. Vivien Leigh and Clark Gable played the leading roles. Vivien Leigh won the Oscar. â€Å"Gone with the Wind† is the story about Civil War. Margaret Mitchell tells about life of people at the time of this war and about all burdens, which people outlived these years. In the text we can find the description of soldiers’ live. There we can read how cried mothers and wives then they dispatched their children and husbands on the War. â€Å"Gone with the Wind† is also about a love triangle. While Scarlett loves the quiet gentleman Ashley Wilkes, the wild and decidedly ungentlemanly Rhett Butler is in love with her. Ashley married Melanie Hamilton. After many adventures of her own, Scarlett married Rhett – but only for money. The marriage is stormly. That is why eventually Rhett walks out on her, but by the time Scarlett has realized that she loves him after all. Scarlett thinks of some way of getting him back, but we never know if she does because Margaret Mitchell died in 1949 in a car crash. After reading this production I find that it is very expressive and logical because Margaret Mitchell was a good narrator of real life’s stories. It is evidently because she dedicated lots of theme of her tales for real life. Style of this story is particular, spontaneous, and slightly natural. I can say that author tried to comment the actions of personages, and conveyed the senses. I find out that Margaret Mitchell had a good style of the true and delicate sense when she is telling about her heroes. I consider that her mix of fantasy and truth is excellent and unforgettable. I think that there is a splendid style of small drams of our life and society. Simplicity, precision and clarity are the main qualities of her style. The main heroine is Scarlett. This is a person with powerful and pointed mind and furious thirst of life. This is a person who Ã' Ã ¾uld menage all the problems came across successfully. She was able to stand up for herself; she found a way out of unpredictable situation. It she could make much, she has proved to herself, that she can all. Being selfish on her character, she had an indestructible carriage, which was specific feature of her background. After death of mother, on her hands there was all house and members of her family. She took care of her relatives even she had to starve. The only object which helped her to survive was her Tara, her native land. Tara was a fortress where she could not think of anything. When she stumbled into difficult situations, she recollected Tara. She saw the white house which is affably appeared through reddish autumn foliage. She felt silence of rural twilight. She remembered this shrill red ground, and gloomy dark beauty of pines on the hills. Memories of this landscape avoided her from dismal inner thought. In conclusion I would strongly recommend everybody to read this book. Such books as Margaret Mitchell’s â€Å"Gone with the Wind† can be the first step for everybody to get a good hobby of reading. How to cite My Favourite Book, Essay examples My Favourite Book Free Essays Komande amx_cvar sv_restart â€Å"time† – restart top15 (samo smije head admin ovo da korsti) amx_map â€Å"mapa † – changelevel amx_votemap â€Å"mapa1† â€Å"mapa2† – vote za mapu amx_slap â€Å"nick† â€Å"dmg† – slap igraca amx_slay â€Å"nick† – slay igraca amx_kick â€Å"nick† – kickas igraca amx_banip â€Å"nick† – banujes igraca amx_csay â€Å"color† pises slovima na sredini amx_tsay â€Å"color† lijeva strana amx_psay â€Å"nick† poruka playeru ======= immunity (can’t be affected by other admins) 1   ========;;;;;;; reservation (has a reserved slot) 1   amx_ban [minutes] [authid or ip] [reason] 1 amx_banid [minutes] [name or #userid] [reason] 1ok mx_banip [minutes] [name or #userid] [reason] 1 amx_banmenu – displays ban menu 1 amx_unban [authid or ip] 1 ========;;;;;;; Free email address at gunaholics. com 1 2   amx_kick [na me or #userid] [reason] 1 2 amx_kickmenu – displays kick menu 1 2 amx_leave [tag] [tag] [tag] [tag] 1 2 amx_slap [name or #userid] [power] 1 2 amx_slapmenu – displays slap/slay menu 1 2 amx_slay [name or #userid] 1 2 amx_map [mapname] 1 2 amx_mapmenu – displays changelevel menu 1 2 amx_votemapmenu – displays votemap menu 1 2 amx_armor amx_armor [ part of nickname ] [ amount ] 1 2 amx_clcmdmenu – displays client cmds menu 1 2 mx_glow [authid, nick, @team or #userid] [alpha] 1 2 amx_godmode [authid, nick, @team or #userid] [0=OFF 1=ON] 1 2   amx_gravity [ gravity ] 1 2 amx_heal [authid, nick, @team or #userid] [life to give] 1 2   amx_money [@team, #userid, or name(can be partial)] [amount] 1 2   amx_teammenu – displays team menu 1 2 amx_teleport [authid, nick, @team or #userid] [y] [z] 1 2 amx_userorigin [authid, nick, or #userid] 1 2 amx_weapon amx_weapon [ part of nick ] or [ @ team ] or [ # index ] [ weapon to give ] 1 2   amx_bury [authid, nick, @team or #userid] 1 2 amx_uberslap [authid, nick or #userid] 1 2 amx_unbury [authid, nick, @team or #userid] 1 2 mx_disarm [authid, nick, @team or #userid] 1 2 amx_fire [authid, nick or #userid] 1 2 amx_rocket [authid, nick, @team or #userid] 1 2 amx_slay2 [authid, nick, @team or #userid] [1-lightning|2-blood|3-explode] 1 2 amx_chat [message] – sends message to admins 1 2 3 amx_csay [color] [message] – sends center hud message to all players 1 2 3   amx_psay [name or #userid] [message] – sends private message 1 2 3   amx_tsay [color] [message] – sends left side hud message to all players 1 2 3   say @[@|@|@][w|r|g|b|y|m|c][text] – displays hud message 1 2 3   amx_say [message] – sends message to all players 1 2 3 mx_vote [question] [answer#1] [answer#2] 1 2 3 amx_voteban [name or #userid] 1 2 3 amx_votekick [name or #userid] 1 2 3 amx_votemap [map] [map] [map] [map] 1 2 3 amx_cancelvote – cancels last vote 1 2 3 say /hp – displays info. about your killer everyone say /rank – displays your server stats everyone say /stats – displays others stats everyone say /statsme – displays your stats everyone say /top15 – displays top 15 players everyone say nextmap – displays nextmap everyone say thetime – displays current time everyone say timeleft – displays timeleft everyone ay_team @[text] – displays message to admins everyone amx_who – displays who is on server everyone amx_help – displays this hel amx_cvar sv_password † amx_cvar sv_restart † 1 † amx_cvar mp_freezetime † 6 † amx_cvar mp_friendlyfire † 1 † amx_cvar mp_autokick † 0 † amx_cvar mp_tkpunish † 0 † amx_teammenu † † amx_kick † nick † amx_ban â€Å"nick† 9999 amx_banip â€Å"nick† â€Å"da† permamently amx_leave all â€Å"kick† citav server amx_n ick â€Å"nick â€Å"new nick amx_cvar mp_buytime 0. We will write a custom essay sample on My Favourite Book or any similar topic only for you Order Now 15 amx_cvar mp_startmoney 800-16000 amx_cvar mp_roundtime 1. 75 amx_cvar sv_minupdaterate 25 za lag How to cite My Favourite Book, Papers My favourite book Free Essays These picturesque geographical feature’s boundaries delineat a low lying plain of about 47,570 sq. km. criss-crossed by innumerable brooks, rivulets and streams and rivers like the Padma[Ganges],the Megna,the Karnaphuli. We will write a custom essay sample on My favourite book or any similar topic only for you Order Now Description : Physiography is the science which treats the Earth’s exterior physical features, climate, life and the physical movements or changes on the Earth’s surface, such as the currents of the atmosphere and ocean, the secular variations in heat, moisture,magnetism, i. e. physical geography. Sunderban is the most preciouse and wealthy area tor Bangladesn. nerban suituated in Khulna Division and it’s gives protection to Bangladesh from outside enemies. There lives lot of different kinds of animals and these animals make our Sunderban beautiful and welthy. Mammals are a clade of endothermic amniotes. Among the features that distinguish them from the other amniotes, the reptiles and the birds, are hair, three middle ear bones, mammary glands infemales, and a neocortex (a region of the brain). The mammalian brain regulates body temperature and the circulatory system, including the four- chambered heart. The mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorqual whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, some primates and some cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in the trees, or on two legs. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta which feeds the offspring during pregnancy. Mammals range in size from the 30-40 mm (1. 2-1. 6 in) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108 ft) blue whale. Birds (class Aves or clade Avialae) are feathered, winged, bipedal, endothermic warm-blooded), egg-laying, vertebrate animals. With around 10,000 living species, they are the most speciose class of tetrapod vertebrates. All present species belong to the subclass Neornithes, and inhabit ecosystems across the globe, from the Arctic to the Antarctic. Extant birds range in size from the 5 cm (2 in) Bee Hummingbird to the 2. 75 m (9 ft) Ostrich. The fossil record indicates that birds emerged within theropod dinosaurs during the Jurassic period, around 150 million years ago. Birds are the only members of the clade originating with the earliest dinosaurs to have urvived the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event 66 million years ago. Modern birds are characterised by feathers, a beak with no teeth, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a lightweight but strong skeleton. All living species of birds have wings; the most recent species without wings was the moa, which is generally considered to have become extinct in the 16th century. Wings are evolved forelimbs, and most bird species can fly. Flightless birds include ratites, penguins, and a number of diverse endemic island species. Some pecies of birds, particularly penguins and members of the Anatidae family, are adapted to swim. Birds also have unique digestive and respiratory systems that are highly adapted for flight. Some birds, especially corvids and parrots, are among the most intelligent animal species; a number of bird species have been observed manufacturing and using tools, and many social species exhibit cultural transmission of knowledge across generations. Some marine reptiles, such as ichthyosaurs and mosasaurs, rarely ventured onto land and gave birth in the water. Others, such as sea turtles and saltwater crocodiles, eturn to shore to lay their eggs. Some marine reptiles also occasionally rest and bask on land. Tigers in Bangladesh are now relegated to the forests of the Sundarbans and the Chittagong Hill Tracts. The Chittagong forest is contiguous with tiger habitat in India and Myanmar, but the tiger population is ot unknown status. In another study, home ranges of adult female tigers were recorded comprising between 12 and 14 km2 (4. 6 and 5. 4 sq mi). , which would indicate an approximate carrying capacity of 150 adult females. The small home range of adult female tigers (and consequent high density f tigers) in this habitat type relative to other areas may be related to both the high density of prey and the small size of the Sundarbans tigers. Present Condition Of Bangladesh : In present time Bangladesh environmental situation is in big risk. Lot of disaster were happened in past and present time also running. our animals are also in big risk due to people are destroying trees and lands for making dewellings and mutistoried commercial complexes. For these reasons our animals are losing their foods and living places for survive. How Can We Protect Our Wild Life : To save our wild life we have to take lot of steps to and to take care of them and we have to deocrate our environment to make survival of our wilf life. How to cite My favourite book, Papers

Organisational Development Interventions †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Identify whether the problems in the organisation are primarily cultural, technological or structural (or some blend of these factors). Please justify your analysis with reference to the case?2.Identified and explain how organisational development could improve efficiency and effectiveness in the organisation? Answers: Introduction: Employees are the working force of any organisations. The reputation, productivity and profit of an organisation depend on employment relationship. Often it has been seen that an organisation faces various kinds of troubles due to lack of communication between the employees and managers. An organisation generally comprises of three categories of employees, firstly the people who develop plans, next the people who execute the plans and finally the people who investigate the effects of the plans. Communication between each level of employees and sharing the problems and feedbacks with the authorities help an organisation to maintain the stability in employment relations. The following case study contains various problems in Tims organisation, which have been developed majorly due to lack of communication between the employees categorized on their roles. Many employees have suppressed many issues only due to the fear of losing job (Anderson, 2017). The purpose of the discussion is to find out and analyse the major problems in Tims organisation from experts view point and to verify the justification of the solutions that are provided within the case study. Identification of Problems: The major problem in Tims organisation is communication between various departments. Working departments of Tims organisation can be classified into three groups like assessors, crew and inspectors respectively. There are many issues lie within the organisation that elevates the difference among the teams. Departments only communicate with each other when they have severe issues or major complaints again the other departments (Bansal, 2015). An incident had occurred within the organisation when a crew leader had a loud conversation with an assessor telling him that he or she was not doing the job appropriately. Problems are highlighted that crew is not trusted to take circumstantial or emergency decisions during the work (Anderson, 2017). Another general problem is that any decision that has been taken by the authority does not contain the proper follow-through by the authority and each of the departments. Main factors those are associated with the problems of the crew are appreciati on, respect and trust. Crew members felt that they have not been treated with appropriate respect within the organisation and their works have not been appreciated, rather benefits of the company are noticed by the managers primarily (Raoufi, Fayek Gellatly, 2016). Crew is feeling that their voice is expandable within the organisation and they cannot relate themselves as an irreplaceable part of the organisation. S.W.O.T. Analysis: S.W.O.T. analysis can be performed on Tims organisation through which the problems within the organisation can be analysed and pathway for solutions can be achieved. Main strength of the organisation is Tims resilience to solve the problems at any cost. Tim has identified the problems within the organisation before it becomes too late. In order to solve the problems Tim has requested for expert advices and to obtain solutions for the problems and specifically has taken care that firing an employee does not become a primary solution (Kersley et al., 2013). Weaknesses of the organisation are the issues that have developed within the employees especially within crew members. Lack of communication, hiding issues frommanagement and constant development of war-like situation within the organisation are the weaknesses of Tims organisation (Kacmar et al., 2013). Opportunity is the arrival of experts opinion in order to solve the various issues. Intervention of outside party has provided Tim with a support system to plan the intervention. The suggestion has been given to form a three staged intervention plan that contains the sessions where an employee can identify their worst experiences, can describe the effects of those experiences and can tell about the communication and authority involvement to compensate those experiences (Noon, Blyton Morrell, 2013). Threats are visible before and after the intervention session in the organisation. Major threat is collapse of the organisation due to the conflicts between different groups of employees and the authority (Schultz et al., 2017). During the intervention plan most of the employees remain non-communicative as they have the fear that their feedback will cost them their job. It explains that crew members does not possess any trust in themanagement and that can be potential reason for resignation. 1. Tims question is pretty much fundamental in this case. After the intervention plan it is very necessary to get the feedback of the intervention plan developer. The intervention has been majorly focused on the problems of crew members (Poell Van Der Krogt, 2017). After the completion of the intervention process a list of issues have been developed which is appreciated by the crew members. Following the responses, Tims question can be answered appropriately. The crew members have finally found their voices and have raised every issue that they are facing either from a long time or from a short time (Aikens et al., 2014). I would tell that management needs to be more focused about the psychological conditions of the employees. Firing cannot be a solution of these problems. All the crew members of this organisation were working for long time like Bob, Tom and others. Due to several hurt feelings and bad experiences the crew members have bonded together in such a way that their trust is captivated inside that group. Management need to ease the situation by talking to each group of crew members and find the roots of their problems and solve it (Unsworth, Dmitrieva Adriasola, 2013). I will tell Tim that crew members will now respond to the management because the intervention program has impacted them well enough as they let out their bad feelings (Parumasur, 2012). It will be good to follow up the success of the intervention program step by step for the structural balance of the organisation. Tims total concern is based on the welfare of his organisation. The philosophical and behavioural dispute among the employees are causing structural dispute inside the organisation and hampering its productivity (Dixon Dixon, 2017). Tim will respond positively to the prior solution. The intervention program is a success as he finally came to know about the real problems among the crew members. He will tell that firing cannot be a primary prospect in solving those solutions as these employees are responsible for the productivity of the company till today. However, loosing respect among one of the employee group will affect my reputation. Therefore, there will be a solid requirement to stretch this intervention program among the assessors as it will also give a clear description about their issues and it will help them understand the decisions and planning those have been made in case of the crew members (Hodges, 2017). Chucks response will be a different one. From the starting he was looking to solve these problems by firing the crew members who were the roots of these disputes. The intervention process has achieved its success but Chuck thinks that it is a failure because ultimately Tim will lose his respect among the assessors (Tziner, Chernyak-Hai, 2012). He will tell management does not need to be restructured as the problem resides among the thoughts of crew members. Therefore, looking at their issues individually is nothing more than a loss of the time of the organisation. The organisation can replace those employees by hiring new ones those can strictly follow the orders of management and do not raise any issue. 3. Assessors: From the study it has been clearly seen that the assessors and the crew members are the internal enemy of each others. The main reasons behind these issues are absence of a well defined goal and clear knowledge of external enemy (Dorssemont, Lrcher Schmann, 2013). Crew concerns do not matter for the assessors, as from their viewpoint there are no reason for the crew members to misbehave with them. They will respond that the decision making of the management is perfect. The abusive behaviour of crew members are intolerable and the whole group should be fired. Inspectors: Relation between inspectors and crew members has not worsened as much as it did for the assessors. The inspectors will respond in a way that crew members should be given a chance to rectify their behaviours. Management should hear their concerns for once and decide the relevance of the issues mentioned by the crew. Tim: In the meeting of next Monday, Tim will try to resolve the issues between crew members and assessors. The issue of lack of trust can be solved by explaining the decision making process to the crew and associating them with a few ones those are necessary. He will propose a face to face meeting between the crew members and the assessors to build a well defined goal. Chuck: On Monday, Chuck will press the issue that management needs to sort out the crew members those are expendables and fire them immediately in order to save the time and money of the organisation. He will respond that Tim should focus more on his reputation among the assessors than the crew members. He will say that bit is not necessary to hold a meeting among the employees of the organisation. Conclusion: Therefore, concluding the report, it can be said that an organisation can only be run properly when it contains a stable employment relationship among the employees. If there is dispute among various groups of employees then ultimately the productivity of the organisation hampers. In this case of Tims organisation, both the assessors and crew members are important for the success of the organisation. Firing any group of employees will not be a good prospect for the organisation. The intervention program for crew members however has become a success. Therefore Tim along with other experts is looking to continue this program in order to solve the issues among the employees of the organisation. References: Aikens, K. A., Astin, J., Pelletier, K. R., Levanovich, K., Baase, C. M., Park, Y. Y., Bodnar, C. M. (2014). Mindfulness goes to work: Impact of an online workplace intervention.Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,56(7), 721-731. Anderson, D. L. (Ed.). (2017).Cases and Exercises in Organization Development Change. Sage Publications. Bansal, A. (2015). Understanding the integration mechanisms practiced during organizational change: evidence from five M A transactions.Journal of Organizational Change Management,28(6), 929-947. Dixon, N., Dixon, N. (2017). Learning together and working apart: routines for organizational learning in virtual teams.The Learning Organization,24(3), 138-149. Dorssemont, F., Lrcher, K., Schmann, I. (Eds.). (2013).The European Convention on Human Rights and the employment relation. Bloomsbury Publishing. Hodges, J. (2017).Consultancy, Organizational Development and Change: A Practical Guide to Delivering Value. Kogan Page Publishers. Kacmar, K. M., Andrews, M. C., Harris, K. J., Tepper, B. J. (2013). Ethical leadership and subordinate outcomes: The mediating role of organizational politics and the moderating role of political skill.Journal of Business Ethics,115(1), 33-44. Kersley, B., Alpin, C., Forth, J., Bryson, A., Bewley, H., Dix, G., Oxenbridge, S. (2013).Inside the workplace: findings from the 2004 Workplace Employment Relations Survey. Routledge. Noon, M., Blyton, P., Morrell, K. (2013).The realities of work: Experiencing work and employment in contemporary society. Palgrave Macmillan. Parumasur, S. B. (2012). The effect of organisational context on organisational development (OD) interventions.SA Journal of Industrial Psychology,38(1), 1-12. Poell, R. F., Van Der Krogt, F. (2017). Why is organizing human resource development so problematic? Perspectives from the learning-network theory (Part I).The Learning Organization,24(3). Raoufi, M., Fayek, A. R., Gellatly, I. R. (2016). A Fuzzy Aggregation Method for Measuring Construction Crew Motivation. InConstruction Research Congress 2016(pp. 1782-1792). Schultz, J. S., Schultz, J. S., Sjvold, E., Sjvold, E., Andre, B., Andre, B. (2017). Can group climate explain innovative readiness for change?.Journal of Organizational Change Management,30(3), 440-452. Tziner, A., Chernyak-Hai, L. (2012). Perspectives on groups and work teams in the workplace.Revista de Psicologa del Trabajo y de las Organizaciones,28(1). Unsworth, K. L., Dmitrieva, A., Adriasola, E. (2013). Changing behaviour: Increasing the effectiveness of workplace interventions in creating pro?environmental behaviour change.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(2), 211-229.

Cockroaches and Health Essays - Bacteriology, Bacterial Diseases

General Purpose: To inform about a new discovery. Specific Purpose Statement: To inform the audience about the health benefits of cockroaches. Organizational Pattern: Topical Thesis: Molecules in the brains of cockroaches and locusts are being tested and succeeding in the treatment of bacterial infections. Introduction I.Attention Getter: An average of 18,000 people around the world die from methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) each year (Webb, 2008). About 73,000 people are infected with E. Coli each year (Center for Disease Control, 2006). That is nearly equal to triple Purdue?s entire student campus dying of becoming infected each year. A new study shows molecules from cockroaches and locust brains can kill 90% of these and other superbugs (France-Presse, 2010). II.Relevance Statement: Every year or every few years, the doctor gives everyone shots to prevent infections from bacteria. Most of you do not know what is in the different types of antibiotics used to treat or prevent infections. Soon, some of your medications may include parts of brains from cockroaches and locust. III.Credibility Statement: Since fall is now upon us, flu and other seasonal sickness come with it. I conducted some research on ways to prevent catching microorganisms that are resistant to antibiotics, better known as ?superbugs?. IV.Thesis Statement: Molecules in the brains of cockroaches and locusts are being tested and succeeding in the treatment of bacterial infections. Directional Transition: I will begin by describing the study done in this new field of medicine. Body I. According to a September 2010 article published in New Scientist, extracts from the brains of locust and cockroaches can kill microorganisms which are antibiotic resistant, known as ?superbugs.? A.Various molecules from within the insect?s brains were used to fight bacteria. i.Nine distinct chemical extracts from locust brains killed Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) (Coghlan, 2010). ii.Seven other distinct chemical extracts killed Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (Coghlan, 2010). B.It is suspected the proteins in cockroach and locust brains are the reasoning for the resistance against the pathogens (Society for General Microbiology, 2010). i.Other parts of cockroaches and locust were tested, such as fat, muscle, and fluids within the body, but brain molecules were all that killed the bacterial infections (Society for General Microbiology, 2010). ii.Shark skin and other animals have also been tested; however, none were as successful (Society for General Microbiology, 2010). Directional Transition: Now that I have described the research, I will explain why these insects specifically are being used. II.Scientists have reasoning for picking the cockroach and locust as possibilities for treatments against bacteria and other pathogens. A.Locust and cockroaches live in an environment which would be very unhealthy to humans (France-Presse, 2010). i.Due to their unusual living conditions, cockroaches and locusts naturally produce own germ killers (Allen, 2010). B.Locust and cockroaches brains are their most vital organ and it must be protected at all times because if the nervous system fails the cockroach or locust will die. i.Destruction of their brains is their only death, since other limbs can grow back (Rutherford, 2010). ii.Their need for protection led scientist to believe they have something in their brains which can fight off microorganisms (Rutherford, 2010). Directional Transition: Now that I have explained why these insects are being used, I will discuss the benefits of cockroach and locust brain molecules to conventional antibiotics. III.The cockroach and locust brains being used for medication have many advantages to the original antibiotics. A.A diluted amount of molecules were used in test trials. i.90% kill rate which beats how comparable antibiotics because current antibiotics weaken bacteria and force body to fight it off (France-Presse, 2010) ii.A very lose dose was used to achieve such a high kill rate, an advantage over repetitive and high doses that are occasionally used now (Rutherford, 2010). B.In the test done, little harm or side effects were noticed. i.There were no toxic effects were seen on human brain cells. ii.All side effects are unknown due to the study being in its early stages. Directional Transition: I have now discussed the benefits, reasoning for use, and research behind the use of cockroach and locust brains being used as an antibiotic. Conclusion I.Restatement of Thesis: Molecules in the brains of cockroaches and locusts are being tested and succeeding in the treatment of bacterial infections. II.Clincher: In a few years the antibiotics you receive at your doctor visit might not be just a long name of molecules

Blakes Use of Poetry as an Attack on the Hypocrisy of Church and the Wider Establishment That Maintains Poverty Essays

Blakes Use of Poetry as an Attack on the Hypocrisy of Church and the Wider Establishment That Maintains Poverty Essays Blakes Use of Poetry as an Attack on the Hypocrisy of Church and the Wider Establishment That Maintains Poverty Paper Blakes Use of Poetry as an Attack on the Hypocrisy of Church and the Wider Establishment That Maintains Poverty Paper Romanticism was an early and artistic way of looking at things which ended with the Victorian age. Romantic’s supported freedom of thought, movement and life style and were against oppression of any kind. They saw children as the future and were against child labor and the snatching up of childhood. They also felt that all people should have rights and should be respected. William Blake was no exception to this ideology. Being born in a time of expanding industrial revolution, Blake viewed industrialization as a curse for enslaving people, and allowing their masters to treat them badly. He also had strong views on seeing children as innocent. This caused him to hate child labor and show disgust to the world he was living in. It is no wonder then, that Blake preached his romantic views in his poetry and paintings. In 1789, William Blake had his first book, Songs of Innocence, published. Five years later, he added Songs of Experience to be included in publishing the two books as one whole piece of literature. Each book is a collection of poems that conveys Blake’s theory about innocence which states that, when one is born into the world, he or she is free from sin; but after the corruption of the world taints one’s soul, he or she becomes a sinner. Blake was also a devout Christian and stressed The Old Testament over The New Testament. Blake recognized the great inequalities of society and wanted to expose them. He saw the inappropriateness of the Church and lack of moral standing, this is in relation to mistreatment of the vulnerable in society, such as chimney sweepers and orphans. William Blake, jaded as he was, was a genius and used his poetry to portray his philosophy on life. The use of children is a prominent theme in a number of Blake’s poems. In his two â€Å"Chimney Sweeper† poems, one from Songs of Innocence and one from Songs of Experience, Blake show how the 18th Century church called upon children to passively accept their lot and pray to God. From a careful reading of these two â€Å"Chimney Sweeper† poems, it is apparent that Blake sees the world through the eyes of a child, and embraces the innocence of the young. Particularly awful, in Blake’s eyes, is the way the church gets the children to accept their victimization. It is especially important to note that, in Blake’s society and in Blake’s time, there was no separation between the church and state. The church provided the religious justification for state and corporate exploitation of the poor. Thus, one can clearly see that these two â€Å"Chimney Sweeper† poems addresses the hardships that children faced which made them destined to the life of a chimney sweeper during the 18th century in London. The poems also refer to the sufferings of ALL child laborers, and can be considered as an attack on the Establishment that maintained poverty. Further, the poems reflect Blake’s political stance; he is actually attacking what he considers injustice, evil, and suffering in the world. In â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† poem from Songs of Innocence, we are introduced to a little boy who is being sold into hardship by his father after his mother died. He was poor, uneducated, and could not even speak when he was forced to sweep chimneys and sleep in soot. Similarly, in â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† poem from Songs of Experience, we are introduced to a boy who is facing hardship because his parents are unable to see his pain, since they are busy praying for themselves in church. The similarities shared between these two poems are ingenious when combined with the differences. For example, Blake uses the word â€Å"weep† in each of the poems to illustrate immaturity. The speaker in each poem is very young; but the speaker in the Songs of Innocence version is too young to pronounce the word â€Å"sweep† (hence â€Å"’weep†), and in the Songs of Experience version, the speaker is actually weeping. The Chimney Sweeper† from Songs of Innocence also includes a dream in which an angel frees the orphans from their misery, whereas in the Songs of Experience version, the speaker is a young man who has relentlessly been left in his misery while his parents are at church praying. Blakes attack on the church is clearly represented by the angel figure in the â€Å"Chimney Sweeper† from Songs of Innocence. As deceptive as the church can be, the angel exemplifies the false promise of afterlife bliss. The angel claims that only if the sweeper is â€Å"a good boy† (19) he will be content and â€Å"never want of joy†. (20) Blake shows his indignation of this concept through the use of irony; â€Å"So if all do their duty they need not fear harm† (24) indicating that children should be cherished not abused, their innocence should be preserved, not exploited. Again, Blake is urging people to fight against injustice and to right some of the wrongs of society. Therefore, their injust plight should not be treated as a way to earn a pleasant afterlife. Their treatment should be viewed as abhorrent and discontinued. As is evident here, Blake always stood up for the poor and oppressed against the establishment of his time. Blake also, emphasizes an ironic connection between both naive and mischievous children with the use of heavenly, joyful images versus dark, morbid images. For example, in The Chimney Sweeper, from the Songs of Innocence, Blake describes a boy with hair that even â€Å"the soot cannot spoil† (8) as having a dream that his friends were locked inside the chimney, but â€Å"an Angel who had a bright key, / pen’d the coffins set them all free† (13-14). However, from the Songs of Experience counterpart, Blake does not capture the purity and whiteness of youth, but portrays a child as â€Å"A little black thing among the snow. † (1) It is quite sad that the chimney sweeper is not even attributed the characteristics of a child, and is just referred to as a â€Å"little black thing† (1) , showing its diminutive stance not only in stature but also in society. Class distinction is depicted in both â€Å"Chimney Sweepers† poems. As the speaker in â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† from Songs of Innocence describes his lifestyle, we can see clearly â€Å"That thousand of sweepers, Dick, Joe, Ned, Jack† (11) are a bunch of young boys who are poor and of the same social class. Likewise, the sweeper from Songs of Experience is a poor boy, who has no family to reply on and no financial support. This puts him at a disadvantage, leaving him no choice, but to sweep chimneys â€Å"And Smil’d among the winter’s snow† (6) while he â€Å"sing the notes of woe. † (8) Blake uses these boys to illustrate how they are at a disadvantage because of their poor condition. They have no money, and no power, leaving them with no social stature as well. They are forced to work, even if it is not desirable, and they cannot complain because there is no alternative for the poor, as the saying goes: Money talks, everything else walks. More ideas about the exploitation of children by the society is evident in â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† poem of Songs of Innocence where, the child in this poem seems to have accepted his fate and is not motivated to change his own suffering. However the child is motivated to help minimize the suffering of others, â€Å"Hush Tom, never mind it. (7) The use of the soft soothing ‘hush’ creates an image of the chimney sweeper as being old and wise beyond his years and gives him a protective, fatherly quality despite his age. Again, Blake draws our attention to the ideas of child labor, as he is motivated by seeing their suffering in the increasingly industrial world he lived in. It is worthy to note that children believe everything that is said to them, thus the child in this poem actually thinks that what he is told to do, will cause him no need to â€Å"fear harm. (24) Similarly, â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† in Songs of Experience develops the same situation as â€Å" The Chimney Sweeper† from Songs of Innocence collection, but it is from a different perspective. In this poem, there are clearly three different views of the sweeps situation; his own; his parents and an observer. From reading this poem it is clear that the young sweeper feels exploited that his parents are self justifying, seeking only to pacify their own consciences and that the observer feels both pity and outrage. In the very manner that Blake explores issues of child exploitation and selling in the â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† of Songs of Innocence, â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† of Songs of Experience does the same, but puts more emphasis on the responsibility of the parents in putting their child in such a position of vulnerability. Through the eyes of children, Blake does not convey parents as a part of a family that raises their children with love and care, but as a group of individuals who mindlessly partake in their religious devotion by â€Å"going up to church to pray† (4). Parents here want to save their own souls, but don’t care about the damning of their child to a short life of misery. Within this poem is an example of people who are obviously not motivated by human suffering, as the child’s parents ignore the feelings of their child, â€Å"and because I am happy and dance and sing/ they think they have done me no injury. † (9-10) Here, Blake has characterized the child through typical infantile verbs â€Å"dance and sing† (9) although, this is contrasted by the feelings of the child which are masked by its actions. A point is also made by Blake about the role of the church in such social issues and, how organized religion plays a major role in the actions of people. Blake shows us how the organized church encourages parents to act upon the evident suffering of their child and the children around them in society, when they allow the parents to come inside its building to pray when they should be protecting their child from all harm. Finally Blake is emphasizing to the reader once more those who are responsible for the childs pain and sorrows. Blake also laments on how religion can be so powerful to motivate an individual to bear difficulties. In â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper† poem from Songs of Innocence, the boy believes in a â€Å"God for his father† (20) who observes and counts every singles act. He has faith which is spoiled by the institution of capitalism, which works as a repressive ideology to motivate the boy to be a passive good worker. The boy should only be concerned with doing his duty and nothing else. This is hidden from the boy, as he can just see the shinning bright â€Å"Sun† (16) and â€Å"the angel who had a bright key† (13) in his dream. The boy does what the angel has asked; to be a good worker, therefore, he will â€Å"never want joy. † (20) Having nothing else in life, the boy keeps his faith, but this dream keeps him away from the awareness of his socioeconomic oppression and, in turn guarantees the future of beneficial oppressors. Furthermore, Blake goes on to make yet another, contrast between innocence and experience when the chimney sweeper of Songs of Experience says, â€Å"they clothe me in the clothes of death† (7) indicating that when the child is naked, he is innocent, and since they clothed him they are forcing him into experience. However, the church does not care about the young boys, since they make themselves a â€Å"heaven† (12) out of the â€Å"misery† (12) of these little boys. In conclusion, it is evident that living in a world without media and technological advances, William Blake was able to use his poetry as a powerful tool for social comment. This is particularly evident in his two same name poems: â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper. † Like all of the poems in Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience, Blake was able to use these two poems to attack the hypocrisy of the Church and of the wider Establishment that maintained poverty. He was very successful in bringing the world before his readers as raw and unmasked. By depicting the awful condition and future of the boys in both poems, Blake was able to condemn the capitalist society of his time. He was also able to show us the misuse of power in religious beliefs and activities. Throughout his poems, it is clear that the church is the oppressor that invites capitalism to society. These poems can be read in today’s light where oppression is very much present. Once and for all, Blake was inviting society to take a stand against the degradation of our land and our people. A timeless invitation indeed! : Blake, William. â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper. † English Romantic Writers. Ed. David Perkins. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, 1967. 54. Print. Blake, William. â€Å"The Chimney Sweeper. † English Romantic Writers. Ed. David Perkins. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, 1967. 65. Print. Ellis, John Edwin and Yeats, W. B. eds. , The Works of William Blake, Poetic, Symbolic, and Critical, 3 vols. (London: B. Quaritch, 1893)

Children Education through Playing Research Paper

Children Education through Playing - Research Paper Example There are a number of ways that educators could effectively use play in teaching children. Â  Since games allow students to think individually, then innovativeness is one of the most effective ways of teaching children by using play. Allowing students to take part in a game during the learning process allows them to be innovative in their thinking. This not only expands their thinking capacity, it also leads to a high level of creativity. The more students engage in play, the more they become innovative while developing ways and means of succeeding in the game. The outcome improves the knowledge of the child, which helps in improving their performance standards (Sandford, et al., 2006). Â  The building plays collaboratively between the teachers and their students is another way in which teachers could use play in teaching their students. Building a model together in class engages the students, making learning more fun and entertaining. This also improves the socialization between educators and their students in the class. Due to personal or domestic problems, some students find it hard to cope with others in the class. This contributes to a high number of shy cases among the students. However, shy people show tremendous improvement whenever engaging with their teammates during a game. This helps them overcome their shy nature. Â  Using music is an example of how educators can effectively teach their students. According to Jarvis (2002), music affects students directly. The fact that music leads students into the world of fantasy and imagination significantly contributes to the increase in their cognitive ability, and thus remembering more. The importance of music is evident from the effectiveness of the use of music between public and private schools.

Littering the side of the street Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Littering the side of the street - Assignment Example Additionally, trash may harbor diseases, which can be passed to animals eating it. Also, litter may attract other litter since it tells people to continue dumping litter in the same place. Moreover, litter may turn out to be a fire hazard. Furthermore, apart from littering being bad, it just looks disgusting (â€Å"JB Green Team†). Cigarette butts are considered the main source of litter (â€Å"Keep America Beautiful†). Despite being small, they are very dangerous. Cigarette butts have harmful chemicals such as arsenic that contaminates both soil and water. Cigarette butts are also a potential fire hazard (â€Å"JB Green Team†). It simply means that cigarettes can now not only harm us when we smoke it, but even when we do not smoke it. Generally, litter prevention starts with an individual. As an individual minimizing litter may be easy, however it requires vigilance. For beginners, never throw trash from your  car, and always ensure that you tightly seal the household garbage bins so that animals do not get the contents. Also, never forget your garbage upon leaving a public space such as a park. If you smoke then consider quitting bearing in mind the impacts that cigarettes have on the environment. Furthermore, if the roadway to your home is like an asylum for litter, volunteer for a cleanup. â€Å"Litter in America: Results from the Nation’s Largest Litter Study.† Keep America Beautiful, Inc. 2010. Web. 19th April 2015.

Normal Approximation in R-code

Normal Approximation in R-code Normal approximation using R-code Abstract The purpose of this research is to determine when it is more desirable to approximate a discrete distribution with a normal distribution. Particularly, it is more convenient to replace the binomial distribution with the normal when certain conditions are met. Remember, though, that the binomial distribution is discrete, while the normal distribution is continuous. The aim of this study is also to have an overview on how normal distribution can also be concerned and applicable in the approximation of Poisson distribution. The common reason for these phenomenon depends on the notion of a sampling distribution. I also provide an overview on how Binomial probabilities can be easily calculated by using a very straightforward formula to find the binomial coefficient. Unfortunately, due to the factorials in the formula, it can easily lead into computational difficulties with the binomial formula. The solution is that normal approximation allows us to bypass any of these problems. Introduction The shape of the binomial distribution changes considerably according to its parameters, n and p. If the parameter p, the probability of â€Å"success† (or a defective item or a failure) in a single experimental, is sufficiently small (or if q = 1 – p is adequately small), the distribution is usually asymmetrical. Alternatively, if p is sufficiently close enough to 0.5 and n is sufficiently large, the binomial distribution can be approximated using the normal distribution. Under these conditions the binomial distribution is approximately symmetrical and inclines toward a bell shape. A binomial distribution with very small p (or p very close to 1) can be approximated by a normal distribution if n is very large. If n is large enough, sometimes both the normal approximation and the Poisson approximation are applicable. In that case, use of the normal approximation is generally preferable since it allows easy calculation of cumulative probabilities using tables or other tec hnology. When dealing with extremely large samples, it becomes very tedious to calculate certain probabilities. In such circumstances, using the normal distribution to approximate the exact probabilities of success is more applicable or otherwise it would have been achieved through laborious computations. For n sufficiently large (say n > 20) and p not too close to zero or 1 (say 0.05 To find the binomial probabilities, this can be used as follows: If X ~ binomial (n,p) where n > 20 and 0.05 So is approximately N(0,1). R programming will be used for calculating probabilities associated with the binomial, Poisson, and normal distributions. Using R code, it will enable me to test the input and model the output in terms of graph. The system requirement for R is to be provided an operating system platform to be able to perform any calculation. Firstly, we are going to proceed by considering the conditions under which the discrete distribution inclines towards a normal distribution. Generating a set of the discrete distribution so that it inclines towards a bell shape. Or simply using R by just specifying the size needed. And lastly compare the generated distribution with the target normal distribution Normal approximation of binomial probabilities Let X ~ BINOM(100, 0.4). Using R to compute Q = P(35 X ≠¤ 45) = P(35.5 X ≠¤ 45.5): > diff(pbinom(c(45,35), 100, .4)) [1] -0.6894402 Whether it is for theoretical or practical purposes, Using Central Limit Theorem is more convenient to approximate the binomial probabilities. When n is large and (np/q, nq/p) > 3, where q = 1 – p The CLT states that, for situations where n is large, Y ~ BINOM(n, p) is approximately NORM(ÃŽ ¼ = np, ÏÆ' = [np(1 – p)]1/2). Hence, using the first expression Q = P(35 X ≠¤ 45) The approximation results as follows: l ÃŽ ¦(1.0206) – ÃŽ ¦(–1.0206) = 0.6926 Correction for continuity adjustment will be used in order for a continuous distribution to approximate a discrete. Recall that a random variable can take all real values within a range or interval while a discrete random variable can take on only specified values. Thus, using the normal distribution to approximate the binomial, more precise approximations of the probabilities are obtained. After applying the continuity correction to Q = P(35.5 X ≠¤ 45.5), it results to: ÃŽ ¦(1.1227) – ÃŽ ¦(–0.91856) = 0.6900 We can verify the calculation using R, > pnorm(c(1.1227))-pnorm(c(-0.91856)) [1] 0.6900547 Below an alternate R code is used to plot and illustrate the normal approximation to binomial. Let X ~ BINOM(100, l4) and P(35 45) > pbinom(45, 100, .4) pbinom(35, 100, .4) [1] 0.6894402 # Normal approximation > pnorm(5/sqrt(24)) pnorm(-5/sqrt(24)) [1] 0.6925658 # Applying Continuity Correction > pnorm(5.5/sqrt(24)) pnorm(-4.5/sqrt(24)) [1] 0.6900506 x1=36:45 x2= c(25:35, 46:55) x1x2= seq(25, 55, by=.01) plot(x1x2, dnorm(x1x2, 40, sqrt(24)), type=l, xlab=x, ylab=Binomial Probability) lines(x2, dbinom(x2, 100, .4), type=h, col=2) lines(x1, dbinom(x1, 100, .4), type=h, lwd=2) Poisson approximation of binomial probabilities For situations in which p is very small with large n, the Poisson distribution can be used as an approximation to the binomial distribution. The larger the n and the smaller the p, the better is the approximation. The following formula for the Poisson model is used to approximate the binomial probabilities: A Poisson approximation can be used when n is large (n>50) and p is small (p Then X~Po(np) approximately. AN EXAMPLE The probability of a person will develop an infection even after taking a vaccine that was supposed to prevent the infection is 0.03. In a simple random sample of 200 people in a community who get vaccinated, what is the probability that six or fewer person will be infected? Solution: Let X be the random variable of the number of people being infected. X follows a binomial probability distribution with n=200 and p= 0.03. The probability of having six or less people getting infected is P (X ≠¤ 6 ) = The probability is 0.6063. Calculation can be verified using R as > sum(dbinom(0:6, 200, 0.03)) [1] 0.6063152 Or otherwise, > pbinom(6, 200, .03) [1] 0.6063152 In order to avoid such tedious calculation by hand, Poisson distribution or a normal distribution can be used to approximate the binomial probability. Poisson approximation to the binomial distribution To use Poisson distribution as an approximation to the binomial probabilities, we can consider that the random variable X follows a Poisson distribution with rate ÃŽ »=np= (200) (0.03) = 6. Now, we can calculate the probability of having six or fewer infections as P (X ≠¤ 6) = The results turns out to be similar as the one that has been obtained using the binomial distribution. Calculation can be verified using R, > ppois(6, lambda = 6) [1] 0.6063028 It can be clearly seen that the Poisson approximation is very close to the exact probability. The same probability can be calculated using the normal approximation. Since binomial distribution is for a discrete random variable and normal distribution for continuous, continuity correction is needed when using a normal distribution as an approximation to a discrete distribution. For large n with np>5 and nq>5, a binomial random variable X with X∠¼Bin(n,p) can be approximated by a normal distribution with mean = np and variance = npq. i.e. X∠¼N(6,5.82). The probability that there will be six or fewer cases of these incidences: P (X≠¤6) = P (z ≠¤ ) As it was mentioned earlier, correction for continuity adjustment is needed. So, the above expression become P (X≠¤6) = P (z ≠¤ ) = P (z ≠¤ ) = P (z ≠¤ ) Using R, the probability which is 0.5821 can be obtained: > pnorm(0.2072) [1] 0.5820732 It can be noted that the approximation used is close to the exact probability 0.6063. However, the Poisson distribution gives better approximation. But for larger sample sizes, where n is closer to 300, the normal approximation is as good as the Poisson approximation. The normal approximation to the Poisson distribution The normal distribution can also be used as an approximation to the Poisson distribution whenever the parameter ÃŽ » is large When ÃŽ » is large (say ÃŽ »>15), the normal distribution can be used as an approximation where X~N(ÃŽ », ÃŽ ») Here also a continuity correction is needed, since a continuous distribution is used to approximate a discrete one. Example A radioactive disintegration gives counts that follow a Poisson distribution with a mean count of 25 per second. Find probability that in a one-second interval the count is between 23 and 27 inclusive. Solution: Let X be the radioactive count in one-second interval, X~Po(25) Using normal approximation, X~N(25,25) P(23≠¤x≠¤27) =P(22.5 =P ( ) =P (-0.5 =0.383 (3 d.p) Using R: > pnorm(c(0.5))-pnorm(c(-0.5)) [1] 0.3829249 In this study it has been concluded that when using the normal distribution to approximate the binomial distribution, a more accurate approximations was obtained. Moreover, it turns out that as n gets larger, the Binomial distribution looks increasingly like the Normal distribution. The normal approximation to the binomial distribution is, in fact, a special case of a more general phenomenon. The importance of employing a correction for continuity adjustment has also been investigated. It has also been viewed that using R programming, more accurate outcome of the distribution are obtained. Furthermore a number of examples has also been analyzed in order to have a better perspective on the normal approximation. Using normal distribution as an approximation can be useful, however if these conditions are not met then the approximation may not be that good in estimating the probabilities.